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7. Japan

Japan developed a national AI strategy Artificial Intelligence Technology Strategy and released it in March,
2017. Japan is planning to increase its science and innovation budget by JPY900 billion by 2020 for AI.
Different Japanese ministries are also funding R&D centers, e.g., Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
(METI) is funding R&D center at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST). The strategy shows Japan's Industrialization Roadmap, which envisions AI as a service and organizes
the development of AI into three phases: The strategy applies this framework to three priority areas of
Japan’s Society 5.0 Initiative— productivity, health, and mobility — and outlines policies to realize the
industrialization roadmap. In June 2018, the Japanese government announced that artificial intelligence would
also become an official part of its “integrated innovation strategy.”
Based on instructions issued by the Prime Minister in “Public-Private Dialogue towards Investment for the
Future” in April 2016, the national government 3 established the “Strategic Council for AI Technology”. The
Council, acting as a control tower, has come to manage 5 National Research and Development Agencies that
fall under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry:
On July 28, 2017, Japan published Draft AI R&D GUIDELINES for International Discussions in preparation
for the Conference toward AI Network Society. Principles mainly concerning mitigation of risks associated
with AI systems with 9 principles: Principle of collaboration, Principle of transparency, Principle of
controllability, Principle of safety, Principle of security, Principle of privacy, Principle of ethics (respect
human dignity and individual autonomy), Principle of user assistance, Principle of accountability.

8. China
China has announced its ambition to become a world leader in A.I. by 2030 in the national strategy A Next
Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan divided in 3 steps (By 2020: reach globally advanced
levels, By 2025: Achieve some world-leading breakthroughs, By 2030: become the world leader in AI by
2030). The report outlines China’s strategy to build a domestic AI industry worth nearly US$150 billion, with
four major tasks:
(1) focus on developing intelligent and networked products such as vehicles, service robots, and identification
systems;
(2) emphasize the development AI’s support system, including intelligent sensors and neural network chips;
(3) encourage the development of intelligent manufacturing;
(4) improve the environment for the development of AI by investing in industry training resources, standard
testing, and cybersecurity.

In China, governments play a deliberate and explicit role in funding scientific research (giving US$800,000 to
US$ 1 million in subsidies to AI companies). Individual ministries and departments are responsible for
implementing AI solutions across different sectors. China's government has also partnered with large private

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